Title: Men Face Greater Risk of Cardiac Arrest: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 6/30/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/30/2016 12:00:00 AM

from MedicineNet Heart General http://ift.tt/296Lfck

Title: Video May Aid End-of-Life Decision-Making
Category: Health News
Created: 6/30/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/30/2016 12:00:00 AM

from MedicineNet Heart General http://ift.tt/297xE0H

Title: Progress Against Heart Deaths Starting to Wane, Report Warns
Category: Health News
Created: 6/29/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/30/2016 12:00:00 AM

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Starwood has opened the Four Points Havana, first U.S. hotel in Cuba in nearly 60 years.

      

 

 

from USATODAY - Hotels Top Stories http://ift.tt/299glRA

Glenn says he hopes the airport's new name inspires kids to their own round of innovation.

      

 

 

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Regenerative therapies are limited by unfavorable environments in aging and diseased tissues. A promising strategy to improve success is to balance inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals and enhance endogenous tissue repair mechanisms. Here, we identified a conserved immune modulatory mechanism that governs the interaction between damaged retinal cells and immune cells to promote tissue repair. In damaged retina of flies and mice, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–like signaling induced mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in innate immune cells. MANF promoted alternative activation of innate immune cells, enhanced neuroprotection and tissue repair, and improved the success of photoreceptor replacement therapies. Thus, immune modulation is required during tissue repair and regeneration. This approach may improve the efficacy of stem-cell–based regenerative therapies. Authors: Joana Neves, Jie Zhu, Pedro Sousa-Victor, Mia Konjikusic, Rebeccah Riley, Shereen Chew, Yanyan Qi, Heinrich Jasper, Deepak A. Lamba

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298E5ng

Most proteins must fold into unique three-dimensional structures to perform their biological functions. In the crowded cellular environment, newly synthesized proteins are at risk of misfolding and forming toxic aggregate species. To ensure efficient folding, different classes of molecular chaperones receive the nascent protein chain emerging from the ribosome and guide it along a productive folding pathway. Because proteins are structurally dynamic, constant surveillance of the proteome by an integrated network of chaperones and protein degradation machineries is required to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). The capacity of this proteostasis network declines during aging, facilitating neurodegeneration and other chronic diseases associated with protein aggregation. Understanding the proteostasis network holds the promise of identifying targets for pharmacological intervention in these pathologies. Authors: David Balchin, Manajit Hayer-Hartl, F. Ulrich Hartl

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wrqg

An important feature of fertilization is the asymmetric inheritance of centrioles. In most species it is the sperm that contributes the initial centriole, which builds the first centrosome that is essential for early development. However, given that centrioles are thought to be exceptionally stable structures, the mechanism behind centriole disappearance in the female germ line remains elusive and paradoxical. We elucidated a program for centriole maintenance in fruit flies, led by Polo kinase and the pericentriolar matrix (PCM): The PCM is down-regulated in the female germ line during oogenesis, which results in centriole loss. Perturbing this program prevents centriole loss, leading to abnormal meiotic and mitotic divisions, and thus to female sterility. This mechanism challenges the view that centrioles are intrinsically stable structures and reveals general functions for Polo kinase and the PCM in centriole maintenance. We propose that regulation of this maintenance program is essential for successful sexual reproduction and defines centriole life span in different tissues in homeostasis and disease, thereby shaping the cytoskeleton. Authors: A. Pimenta-Marques, I. Bento, C. A. M. Lopes, P. Duarte, S. C. Jana, M. Bettencourt-Dias

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298E1DZ

Last week's dramatic vote by the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) was the culmination of a heated referendum campaign that questioned the value of partnerships between the UK and the EU. Now, with many bridges burned—or at least charred—where do political leaders go next? Politicians in the UK and EU are going to need every available foundation on which to rebuild trust and mutual interests. They will need to discover once again how to work in partnership. It will be a long and difficult process; one in which science should play a crucial role. Author: Graeme Reid

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wAtP

In science news around the world, new U.S. rules on drone operations get a general thumbs up from researchers, a rare and perilous rescue mission of sick workers from the National Science Foundation's South Pole station succeeds, the World Anti-Doping Agency suspends Brazil's Doping Control Laboratory just weeks before the Olympics are set to begin in Rio de Janeiro, the European Commission extends the license of the controversial herbicide glyphosate for another 18 months, and more. Also, Science chats with conservationist Mike Sutton about a November ballot item to legalize the cultivation and sale of marijuana in California. And the International Energy Agency reports that a relatively modest global investment of $4.8 trillion in cleaner energy sources would help prevent millions of deaths due to air pollution in the coming decades.

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298DRwx

Days after the United Kingdom's momentous vote in favor of leaving the European Union, the U.K. science community is seething with anxiety. No one knows whether U.K. science will struggle or thrive when the divorce goes ahead. Neither the U.K. government nor the European Commission had thought through beforehand how U.K. research could untangle itself from the European enterprise—or whether it even needs to. Scientists have pressing and practical questions: Can U.K. researchers continue to apply for E.U. grants? Will reviewers looking at a proposal involving U.K. scientists wonder about their commitment? Will U.K. postdocs have trouble taking up positions on the continent? What is the future for E.U. facilities on U.K. soil? Author: Daniel Clery

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wxho

Autoimmune diseases share a grim similarity with cancer: People's own cells become their enemies. But a study published online in Science reveals a happier parallel, suggesting that a therapy designed to harness the immune system to attack cancer cells may also cull the turncoat immune cells behind certain autoimmune diseases. The approach relies on chimeric antigen receptor T cells, or CAR T cells: immune cells genetically modified to home in on a desired target on cancer cells or—in this case—on rogue B cells, another immune cell type. The new study only gauged the CAR T cells' capabilities in the lab dish and in mouse models of pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune condition in which B cells secrete antibodies that attack a protein in skin and mucous membrane. But some scientists are already calling the approach, which specifically targets the errant B cells, a breakthrough. Author: Mitch Leslie

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298E9nd

U.S. researchers have finally overcome a little-known legacy of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks: a dire shortage of helium-3 (He-3). The rare isotope has unique properties that make it invaluable for applications from cryogenics to detecting hidden nuclear bomb material. But in 2008, experts feared that the U.S. stockpile, managed by the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Isotope Program, would run out as early as 2010, as terrorism fears drove up demand for detectors of nuclear material. DOE curtailed He-3 sales while it and other agencies raced to find He-3 alternatives. Observers hail the effort as a remarkable success. A dozen alternatives are in the pipeline or already on the market, and the He-3 stockpile is out of danger. DOE's reserves will top 160,000 liters by 2040, according to a new projection the department provided to Science. Author: Richard Stone

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wqT1

Ever since its discovery in 1985, the springtime ozone hole over Antarctica has been an insistent reminder of humankind's ability to cause environmental harm. But the wound has begun to heal: There is now evidence that the hole is shrinking. The 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out ozone-destroying chemicals. And measurements have shown that atmospheric concentrations of those chemicals are declining. Now, researchers have found evidence of the intended consequence: a less holy ozone layer. Using satellites, ground-based instruments, and ozone-measuring weather balloons, they showed that since 2000, the September hole shrunk by 4 million square kilometers—an area bigger than India. An extra challenge was demonstrating that the shrinkage was due to the drop in chemicals. Using a 3D atmospheric model, the researchers separated the effect of the chemicals from those of weather and volcanic emissions, which can also destroy ozone. The model helped explain anomalously large ozone holes like the one in October 2015—which was largely due to the eruption earlier that year of the Calbuco volcano in southern Chile. Although the hole has begun to heal, the ozone-destroying chemicals have long atmospheric lifetimes. So scientists don't expect the hole to close up completely until 2050, at the earliest. Author: Eric Hand

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298EgPn

It may not show U.S. scientists the money, but it definitely shows them the love. This week the Senate commerce and science committee marked up a long-awaited bill governing programs at the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology as well as government-wide policies on science education and innovation. In sharp contrast to a sheaf of related legislation adopted by the U.S. House of Representatives in the past year that has infuriated many researchers, the Senate bill aligns with the science community's view on several key issues. It endorses NSF's current approach to choosing what research to fund, proposes ways to reduce the amount of time that universities and scientists spend complying with rules governing recipients of federal research dollars, and calls for the spread of NSF's wildly popular Innovation Corps program to train budding academic entrepreneurs. Author: Jeffrey Mervis

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wsKF

South Africa has more people living with HIV, an estimated 6.6 million, than any country in the world. About half are now receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, which has greatly stressed the country's health care system. Now, South Africa plans to encourage all infected people to learn their status and start treatment as part of the drive to end its epidemic. The cornerstone of the campaign is the fact that HIV-infected people who take ARVs and fully suppress their virus rarely transmit to others. Mathematical models suggest that 73% of the infected population has to achieve this to slow spread and start the epidemic's downward spiral. South Africa has pledged to hit this target by 2020, in keeping with a global goal set by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, but many experts doubt it can succeed by then—and others question the model itself. When the biannual International AIDS Conference takes place in Durban, South Africa, later this month, these issues likely will be in center stage. Author: Jon Cohen

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298DUse

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wq5C

In 1492, Columbus encountered frigate birds while en route to the New World and noted that the bird “does not alight on the sea nor depart from land 20 leagues” (1). Columbus observed correctly that frigate birds do not land on the sea, but he severely underestimated how far some frigate birds fly from land. On page 74 of this issue, Weimerskirch et al. (2) show that great frigate birds (Fregata minor) reduce transit costs by riding strong thermal updrafts beneath or inside cumulus clouds and then gliding long distances to another thermal, searching for food along the way. By exploiting cumulus clouds and trade winds in the Indian Ocean, the birds forage around the doldrums, a largely windless zone. Authors: Raymond B. Huey, Curtis Deutsch

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298EaYn

The photoemission of electrons from atoms, molecules, and condensed matter provides the experimental basis of our understanding of electronic structure. During the process of photoemission, a sufficiently large quantum of electromagnetic radiation (a photon) is absorbed by matter and converted into an electronic excitation, promoting a bound electron into a final state above the vacuum energy Evac. In photoemission spectroscopy, the kinetic energy and momentum of electrons in such final states are analyzed after their propagation to a distant detector. To determine the electronic structure of the sample, the “sudden approximation” has to be fulfilled, whereby the photoelectron leaves the sample fast enough, without further interaction with the remaining electronic structure. On page 62 of this issue, Tao et al. (1) provide unprecedented insight into final-state dynamics by measuring the time a photoelectron takes to leave a solid material for characteristically different final states. By comparing an electron excited to a final state of a nickel solid Ψ Nif with one excited to a state of vacuum Ψ vacf, they establish that a photoelectron resides in the final state for 200 attoseconds (as) (2 × 10−16 s) before it leaves the nickel (see the figure). Such time scales would still allow for the electron to interact with its surroundings and, thus, are relevant for the validity of the sudden approximation. Authors: Uwe Bovensiepen, Manuel Ligges

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wD8G

Paleontologists typically reconstruct past behavior by assuming that function follows form. But there can be more than one function for a given form, and different forms can serve the same function. Deconstructing these relationships can be complicated. Here, we use an example from human evolution—markedly different tooth morphologies in early hominins—to show that insights about the underlying genetic architecture of form can help us to better infer function and deepen our understanding of evolution. Authors: P. S. Ungar, L. J. Hlusko

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298E0QK

A developmental loss of intrinsic reparative capacity and the inhibitory environment in injury and disease contribute to regenerative failure in the central nervous system (CNS). The same factors are thought to hinder endogenous and exogenous regenerative therapies, including cell-based replacement (1, 2). In neurodegenerative disorders, the contributions of microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells may be both harmful and beneficial. For example, resident microglia and peripheral cells of the innate immune system promote inflammation and cell death (apoptosis) in response to CNS injury, but immune cell activation also has been associated with neuroprotection and repair (3). This duality suggests that stimulating protective functions while minimizing proapoptotic and inhibitory signals could prove critical in treating neurodegenerative disease. On page 43 of this issue, Neves et al. (4) show that a neurotrophic signaling pathway in microglia and innate immune cells that is activated in disease or injury can be leveraged to promote neuroprotection and tissue repair. Authors: Evan G. Cameron, Jeffrey L. Goldberg

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wd28

Climate change affects wild plant species across their geographical ranges. Studies at the margins of species' ranges reveal upslope expansion, low-elevation range contraction, and, in some cases, a lack of geographic response to climate change (1). However, all populations, including those in the core of species' ranges, are subject to climate-driven natural selection that promotes adaptation to a warmer world (2). Theoretical models show that coupled spatial and temporal responses of populations can mediate the negative effects of climate change (3, 4), but it remains unclear whether these processes can occur fast enough to rescue populations from extinction (5). On page 69 of this issue, Petry et al. (6) report rapid spatial and temporal change in plant sex ratios in response to changing climatic conditions. These changes could facilitate geographic range shifts in the montane perennial herb valerian (Valeriana edulis). Authors: Julie R. Etterson, Susan J. Mazer

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298DZfo

Most developmental processes show deep conservation across great phylogenetic distances. In contrast, the signal that triggers the primary genetic switch between the sexes has evolved with remarkable rapidity—entirely lacking the “respectable antiquity” (1) seen in other comparable systems. Coupled with the repeat-rich structure of Y chromosomes, this has made the identification of genetically dominant “M” male-determining factors especially challenging. On page 67 of this issue, Krzywinska et al. (2) compared gene transcript sequences from male and female embryos of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae and identified an early-expressed gene on the Y chromosome, designated Yob. Crucially, they show that it controls sex-specific splicing of dsx (double-sex), the conserved binary switch between male and female development (3), fulfilling the criteria for M. Yob partly overlaps, and probably is a better-annotated version of, a previously identified gene called YG2 (4), recently shown to be conserved across the An. gambiae species complex (5). Author: Steven P. Sinkins

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wwKB

Five decades after the United States first enacted the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Congress has voted to make the first major reforms to the statute since 2007. President Lyndon Johnson signed the first FOIA on 4 July 1966, enshrining in law the public's right to access to information from executive branch government agencies. Scientists and others around the world can use the FOIA to learn what the U.S. government has done in its policies and practices. Proposed reforms should be a net benefit to public understanding of the scientific process and knowledge, by increasing the access of scientists to archival materials and reducing the likelihood of science and scientists being suppressed by official secrecy or bureaucracy. Authors: Alexander B. Howard, Patrice McDermott

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/298EgPu

Nearly 40 years after Rachel Carson highlighted the dangers of DDT to wildlife, its use and that of a range of other organic pollutants became tightly restricted through the ratification of the Stockholm Convention. But as George Woodwell argues in his latest book, A World to Live In, key lessons that might have been gleaned from the DDT story have not been learned, with devastating consequencesfor life on our planet. A leading ecologist with decades of experience in the effects of disturbance on ecosystems, Woodwell shows that diverse industrial activities—from nuclear power production to fossil-fuel burning to contemporary agricultural practices—are affecting the chemical processes that underpin all life on Earth. Author: Julia Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink

from Science: Current Issue http://ift.tt/295wtya

In his new book, The War on Science, Shawn Otto documents the modern clash between what he calls the "authoritarians" (governments, large corporations, and religious groups) and the "antiauthoritarians" (scientists and other liberal thinkers). Drawing on recent examples ranging from the evolution debate to vaccine skepticism, Otto describes the emergence of an antiscience movement whose focus is to disrupt the creation of evidence-based policy for the sake of preserving profitable business models or entrenched religious dogma. Author: Peter R. Reczek

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Author: H. Jesse Smith

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Author: Beverly A. Purnell

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Author: Shahid Naeem

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Author: Phil Szuromi

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Author: Jake Yeston

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Author: Keith T. Smith

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Author: Laura M. Zahn

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Author: Sacha Vignieri

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Author: Leslie K. Ferrarelli

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A Merseyside borough will no longer have A-level provision after the government approves the closure of it's only sixth form centre offering the qualification.

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Regional jet part of China’s effort to become major player in the commercial aircraft market.

      

 

 

from USATODAY - Flights Top Stories http://ift.tt/29dMRQE

      

 

 

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MSC Cruises' soon-to-debut MSC Meraviglia will carry more than 5,000 passengers.

     

 

 

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Lincoln Center’s Midsummer Night Swing features a wide array of music and draws attendees of all ages.

     

 

 

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